![]() ![]() Descriptions about sperm cryodamage are mainly focused on boar sperm, but reference to other mammalian species is also made when relevant. The present work summarizes the principles of cryoinjury and the relevance of permeating and nonpermeating cryoprotective agents. In addition, the sperm resilience to withstand cryopreservation, also known as freezability, presents a high individual variability. However, freeze-thawing procedures may strongly impair the sperm function and survival and thus decrease the reproductive performance. Sperm cryopreservation update: Cryodamage, markers, and factors affecting the sperm freezability in pigs.Ĭryopreservation is the most efficient method for long-term preservation of mammalian sperm.
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